N. Ceaucescu the Long-Standing Orthodox Ruler Communist in Romania

These immature members were hungry for complete reform, and among their number were many opportunists as well as radicals. in that respect were thus two rival factions competing for party leadership, the one the Romanian faction which had operated at a lower placeground during the contend, and the other the "Muscovites" who were primarily intellectuals and nonethnic Rumanians who had lived out the state of war in Moscow and who arrived in Romania on the heels of the Red Army. uncomplete faction was a disciplined, coherent organization, and immediately later the war the Communist Party in Romania appeared more as a confederation of fiefdoms run by individual leaders than the well-directed semipolitical weapon envisioned by Lenin. The Party might non have survived without Soviet backing. Soviet control overall hampered the efforts of the Romanian government to administer the country, and the Soviets checked efforts toward democratic elections (Bachman, 1989, pp. 44-45).

Over the neighboring few years the communists consolidated their power and infiltrated more deeply into the government. At the similar time, their ranks swelled in the population at large. Soviet control also tightened as different political alliances emerged. In March 1948 the government held elections including the facade of opposition-party candidates for the first time, and the popular Democratic Front (the Communist Party's umbrella front organization) took 405 of the 414 seats. The new National Assembly proclaimed the creation of the Roman

The Securitate acted in direct violation of the Constitution by spying on private citizens, screening their mail, tapping their phones, monitoring their contacts with foreigners, rift into their homes and offices, and arresting and interrogating those suspected of any disloyalty to the regime. Prominent dissidents suffered more recess forms of harassment, such as physical violence and imprisonment (Bachman, xxiii).

Romanian society was changed much over the years between 1948 and 1965 under the leadership of Gheorghiu-Dej, who attempted to move the Party away from Stalinism, with slender success.

When Gheorghiu-Dej died in 1965, he was succeeded by a triumvirate: Ceauescu, the party's first depository at the time; Chiva Stoica, the state council president; and Ion Gheorghe Maurer, premier. Ceauescu started immediately to consolidate his power and to eliminate rivals. By 1969, Ceauescu controlled the Central Committee and meet himself with loyal subordinates. Under Ceauescu, Romania's divergence from Soviet policies increased. Romania recognized the national Republic of Germany in 1967 and maintained diplomatic relations with Israel after the June 1967 War. Ceauescu visited Prague in 1968 and gave support to that nation's government. Romania denounced the Soviet Union for ordering the capital of Poland Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, and Ceauescu met with Tito twice after the invasion to hold forth a common defense against future military actions of the same sort. Popular support for Ceauescu's rule reached its height as he defied the Soviet Union after the invasion of Czechoslovakia, and most Rumanians then believed that his actions had averted Soviet reoccupation of their country. Romania enjoyed her most prosperous economic years in the 1960s and early 1970s. In 1969 the regime launched an effort at economic reform to increase efficiency and boost incentives by decentralizing economic control, but this move was halted in a short time as Ceauescu
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