Monitoring Ocean Currents

Ocean remote detection would not be possible without man's venture into space and the entree of broadcasts. Morain (1998) notes that "the first person who believed that not only machines, but globe too, could venture into space was Jules Verne, a French provincial attorney with no scientific or technical training" (28). agree to Morain, Verne "made the extraordinary prediction that a roquette would be launched from Florida by means of chemical propulsion, and that the crew would include terce people (and a dog)" (28). Verne's detailed prediction included the facts that the rocket would circle the moon and come back to earth and that this shift would be followed by another in which the crew would see the moon's surface and end by splashing down in the Pacific Ocean before being recovered by a warship (Morain 28).

Another key individual in the history of remote spying was Gaspard Felix Tournachon, who in 1859 first utilise balloons over the city of Paris to photograph "remotely" (Morain 28). Balloons were pull to similar use in the Ameri raise Civil War, and by 1909 gay photographs were being used for purposes as diverse as "warfargon, land-use inventory, and publicity" (Morain 29). Still an important use of remote detection, aerial photography today involves the use of far much conglomerate and powerful cameras that capture information in a var. of fields, including geology, agriculture, forestry, natural disasters, city

NASA's ontogenesis of the "Earth Observing System," or EOS, platforms is even more advanced, with the 5-ton Terra transmit being succeeded later by ESA's ENVISAT, which is not only the largest earth-observing sa distinguishite ever launched but also one equipped with eight instruments that measure Earth's radiation "in wavelengths extending from the UV to the microwave part" (Wooster 95). However, not all satellites are this massive; with advancing engine room comes smaller and less expensive components, leading to substantially bring down launch costs (Wooster 97). In some cases, "multiple satellites rat share the same launch vehicle" (Wooster 97).

Wooster, Martin. "Remote sensing: sensors and systems." Progress in Physical Geography, 31.1, (2007), 95-100.

From these early beginnings, remote sensing has grown to become extremely advanced and far more effective than in the past, largely because there was a contend for more accurate and detailed information, concerns about national security, commercial opportunities, and a focus on international cooperation and international justice (Morain 30-34). Remote ocean sensing, in particular, has benefited from the development of related technologies and scientific concepts, two of which are neural networks and radar. As Topouzelis, Karathanassi, Pavlakis, and Rokos (264) point out, synthetic Aperture Radar, or SAR, images are used to detect dark formations in the ocean, because they are not affected by clouds and weather. Dark formations can be man-made(the result of oil spills, for example(or due to natural phenomena ballpark in the ocean, such as "natural slicks" (Topouzelis, Karathanassi, Pavlakis, & Rokos, 264). Neural networks are capable of detecting dark formations in high-resolution SAR images and to tell the difference between real oil spills and phenomena that merely correspond them (Topouzelis, Karathanassi, Pavlakis, & Rokos 264).

planning, wildlife mana
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